-Brown+vs.+Board+of+Education

//BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION// **What would break the back of Jim Crow America? What role did education play in the movement to desgregate America?**


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 * = **Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||  ||=   ||
 * = **Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||  ||=   ||

Basic Facts  · // Brown et al. v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. //  · Racially segregated elementary schools  · NCAA challenges policy of segregated schools.  · Case filed in U.S District court in 1951.  · Series of 5 cases.

Arguments of the Plaintiff  · In //Plessy v. Ferguson,// the Supreme Court had misinterpreted the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Equal protection of the laws did not allow for racial segregation.  · The Fourteenth Amendment allowed the government to prohibit any discriminatory state action based on race, including segregation in public schools.  · The Fourteenth Amendment did not specify whether the states would be allowed to establish segregated education.  · Psychological testing demonstrated the harmful effects of segregation on the minds of African American children.

Arguments of the Defendant • The Constitution did not require white and African American children to attend the same schools. • Social separation of blacks and whites was a regional custom; the states should be left free to regulate their own social affairs. <span style="color: #161610; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;">• Segregation was not harmful to black people. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;">• Whites were making a good faith effort to equalize the two educational systems. But because black children were still living with the effects of slavery, it would take some time before they were able to compete with white children in the same classroom.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A Change in the Courts <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.5in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">In the beginning of the case the court was divided. Chief Justice Vinson died in 1953, which led to a new Chief Justice Earl Warren to be appointed and change the courts decision.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Court Decision <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.5in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Court ruled in favor of the civil rights attorney and claimed separate education was detrimental to African American children, and unequal.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Enforcing the Decision <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.5in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The court said legal segregation was unconstitutional. They demanded states to end segregation “with all deliberate speed,” which was very vague

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Impact and Legacy <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.5in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">It divided the nation. Many thought the Brown decision should be enforced, while many others believed it intruded on their way of life. The brown decision became enforced with minorities, women, people with disabilities, and other groups, each demanding equal opportunity, within 50 years.